Impact on Livelihoods and Subsistence | Cut fodder, Grazing, Firewood, Non-timber forest produce, Timber |
Social Impacts | Community empowerment, Empowerment of women/youth/disadvantaged sections, Assured land ownership or access, Revival or continuation of cultural/religious associations, Prevention of distress outmigration |
Ecological Impact | Natural habitat preservation, Good diversity and population of wildlife, Good diversity of crops, livestock, fish, Improved/sustained ecological services |
Internal Threats and Challenges | Internal differences and inequities, Conflict with other communities, Reduced awareness about biodiversity and its value, Lack of resources and pressures of poverty, Over-harvesting from within the community, Changing socio-cultural practices and aspirations, Outmigration, |
External Threats and Challenges | Unwanted development pressures, Unwanted extraction , Decline in biodiversity , Climate change impacts, Invasive or non-native species, Mega-development projects |